Liver cancer is a fairly common disease. Moreover, like many others, it develops unnoticed. Plus, the liver also does not hurt. About what prerequisites can be for liver cancer, Aif.ru told Candidate of Medical Sciences, radiotherapist, deputy general director for scientific work of oncological clinic Denis Romanov.
– The issues of savings of the liver are raised regularly, especially after large triggers, such as the New Year and the May holidays associated with overeating and libations. The rest of the time, we often forget about this hardworking and even sacrificing to the good of the body to the organism. Well, yes, this is understandable – alcohol and tasty, but not very healthy food harm many of our organs and are firmly associated in public opinion precisely with damage to the liver.
However, some holidays cannot be dangerous in the context of malignant liver tumors and the reasons for their development.
It should be said that “liver cancer” is a rather indescribable concept, since this organ can be affected by various tumors, most of which make up … metastases of tumors of other organs. So, very often metastasize into the liver, cancer of the colon, lungs, mammary gland, pancreas, stomach, melanoma (and almost with the largest frequency-Melanoma of the choroid, but the good is that this is a very, very rare disease in itself). Here is the first reason for the development of “liver cancer” – the presence of a person’s diagnosis of a malignant disease, especially if it has a local -fought or malignant form.
But the concept of “liver cancer” is more reflected by its primary tumors. And if you do not talk about rare and atypical versions of its diseases, as well as about pathologies of childhood, then two types of cancer should be distinguished: hepatocellular cancer (that is, cancer of the cells of the liver parenchyma itself) and cholaniocellular cancer (cancer of the mucous membrane of the biles). Let’s talk about their reasons.
Hepatocellular (or liver cell) cancer is a fairly common disease, the frequency of occurrence of which changes quite noticeably depending on the region.
In the vast majority of cases, this disease develops against the background of the pre -intended cirrhosis of the liver, therefore, the primary diseases that cause its development in almost 90 % of cases become chronic viral hepatitis B and C. In the absence of their treatment or its insufficient effectiveness, a cirrotic transformation of the liver tissue occurs over time , against the background of which, over time, GTsr develops. Therefore, in countries where the prevention, identification and treatment of such hepatitis is well established, the problem of this disease is less acute, and vice versa.
Also, the cause of the development of this type of cancer can be a parasitic liver damage, for example, schistosomosis, let’s say, a tropical disease. There are a number of carcinogens, with a long impact of which a higher risk of developing the GCR, such as Aflatoxins, can be associated. These are toxins of some types of aspergill, which grow on grains, seeds and fruits with a high content of oils, such as peanuts, for a long time and incorrectly stored tea and some herbs. These toxins can also enter the human body with milk of animals that eat food infected with a fungus. So here is another reason for the “geographical preferences” of liver cancer: the prevalence of a fungus that prefers a hot and humid climate, and security measures taken by local authorities for, in particular, the destruction of food infected by it.
Polychlorined diffenals are also dangerous (primarily used as dielectric fluids in electrical engineering, coolants, stabilizing additives to PVC, additives to pesticides, flame inhibitors, as well as in lubricants, putty, hydraulic fluids, glue, mastic, paints, anti -frying substances, and fluids, and fiber. In shameless paper), chlorological pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, nitrosamines.
Holangiocellular cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) is still not entirely liver cancer. It develops from the cells of the mucous membrane of the biliary tract and, although they are significantly present in the liver, it can also be localized outside it – in the choledoch and in the gall bladder. However, in fact, all this is a single and indivisible system, therefore this disease is also attributed to a wider group of diseases of the hepatobiliary system. Of course, this disease has other causes and mechanisms of development than that of the GCR, but by the way, a certain geographical heterogeneity is also inherent in it. In Europe and North America, the most common cause of the development of XCR is sclerosing cholangitis (often combined with non -specific ulcerative colitis), but the development of cholangiocarcinoma can also be caused by Caroli disease (a hereditary disease causing cystic expansion of the bile ducts), cysts, adenomas, multiple papallomatosis of the gallstock , biliodigestic anastomoses. In the Far East and in Asia, the leading risk factor for the development of XCR is the infection of a person with a hepatic saucer. Among other, but less statistically significant reasons, we can mention Lynch syndrome, Crohn’s disease, tobacco smoking, Alpha-1-antitripsin deficiency. There is also an opinion about a higher risk of developing cholangiocellular cancer in viruses of chronic hepatitis B and C and C and HIV.
Source: aif.ru